Ssh over usb raspberry pi 3

Ssh over usb raspberry pi 3. conf file. Are there extra steps I need to take to enable the USB interface on the Pi 4? • Don't like the board ? Missing features ? Change to the prosilver theme ! You can find it in your settings. I also changed the network settings on my laptop (Fedora/Gnome) so that IPv6 is disabled and IPv4 is set to Link-Local Only. 6: Using this address in terminal tpye ssh pi@<Pi's IP Address> Jun 1, 2020 · Set USB Gadget mode. Mar 10, 2018 · SSH freezes, Broken Pipe. local: No such host is known. That should have completed. Bonus: you can even add android's WiFi hotspot to that solution and connect more devices. I am trying to use SSH to connect from my mac to my pi's external usb drive to copy home videos / pics to it. I know how to do this (and it works really well) for the Pi Zero W, but following the same instructions for the 3B doesn't work. so I add dtoverlay=dwc2,dr_mode=peripheral in config. Copy a public key to your Raspberry Pi. Give the Pi plenty of time to boot up (it can take as much as 90 seconds -- or more) Step 7. Feb 29, 2020 · Re: SSH via USB (pi4) The easiest thing to do at this stage would be to use a fresh Raspbian Buster image with everything set up and working. On the computer you use to remotely connect to the Raspberry Pi, use the following command to securely copy your public key to the Raspberry Pi: $ ssh-copy-id <username>@<ip address>. txt and append this line at the end: dtoverlay=dwc2. Mount the micro SD card in a computer (not Pi Zero) and open it with Finder, or Windows Explorer, or whatever it is that you use. then add modules-load=dwc2,g_ether in cmdline. May 29, 2015 · It describes how to connect to ssh using USB tethering and your Pi. 5: Once its booted you should now be able to open up terminal, and using ping raspberrypi. Added dtoverlay=dwc2 to the bottom of the config. Launch Putty. like i said, ssh works just fine but as soon as i try to ping anything i'm greeted with pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ping -c 5 216. Step 9. Apr 3, 2018 · Usually, ssh is used to secure a network login session. 99. 04. I set my Pi0 to use wifi. program_usb_boot_mode=1. When you plug in the SD card to a Windows machine the /boot partition is still accessible, so you can edit config files in there using notepad. Jun 9, 2017 · i have successfully managed to SSH to work via Raspberripi. • Don't like to search the forum BEFORE posting 'cos it's useless Configuring your Raspberry Pi. For 2 days I've tried to setup a ssh connection over usb to my brand new RPI 0 as I don't have any adapters. Code: Select all. But the main ip should be 192. Steps taken: - burned Raspbian Buster via Balena Etcher. - added an empty "SSH" file onto the boot partition. modules-load=dwc2,g_ether. I have read several tutorials online, and know what port to plug my cable into (USB not PWR), etc. Step 1: Enable SSH on Raspberry Pi. After connecting, it does not show up in drives and I can't ssh using putty with the IP "raspberrypi. All Raspberry Pi models equipped with Bluetooth support Bluetooth audio. to the client's ssh command line, and that it might be worth changing that value from 0 to throughput. I actually wanted but forgot to add the guide UseDNS didn't help me. local or 10. ) Created an empty file called ssh in the boot directory. txt and config. Desktop is running the avahi-daemon. When I connect to my Raspberry Pi using SSH over *WIRED* ethernet, it works for a few minutes, then pauses. The raspberry pi is headless and I am using Arch linux with Gnome. Sep 17, 2019 · I am a new owner of a raspberry pi 4 and have limited experience in linux, but a bunch in WIn / OSX. 2 and netmask 255. Jan 25, 2019 · To find the IP address of your pi. txt file and modules-load=dwc2,g_ether in cmdline. /boot. Now the problem is that every time I tried connecting over ssh RPI Jun 18, 2020 · Hello, Is there a way I can connect RPi 3 B+ ssh through USB? Because I don't have a spare monitor. With Raspberry Pi Imager: by using the advanced options when creating the SD card. Further configuration on both device and host may be required; See my guide linked to above for more. However if you want/need a network between the Pi and the Linux machine you could set it up to run PPP over the serial RS-232 link. txt because that would be text) Feb 14, 2022 · I had some problems with Pi Zero and a USB modem, because it didn't turn off the USB power. Flashed lite version of rasbian using etcher 2. txt appended "dtoverlay=dwc2". usb0 on pi: 10. Find your Pi as a COM device in Device Manager - then right-click, select Properties, Driver, Update Driver, Select from installed drivers, let me pick from a list, have disk. g_ether subnet: 10. So in my case: sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usb -o uid=pi,gid=pi. txt insert the code in between rootwait and quiet init=/usr/. SSH is disabled by default in Raspberry Pi, hence you’ll have to enable it when you turn on the Pi after a fresh installation of Raspbian. 1. Load SD Card into the Raspberry Pi . On the lite version: Use raspi-config and go to the “Interfaces” submenu. Mar 3, 2017 · It's connected using a USB cable to a laptop. Then the RPi 4 USB-C port would function for both data and power from the “Mother” computer. - I tried changing the host name and log into that Feb 11, 2018 · If you use the dwc2 driver, it supports both device and host modes, but uses the OTG_ID pin to decide on which mode to choose, we currently have a pull down on the OTG_ID pin to d Dec 28, 2019 · However, I cannot connect the Zeros to a Pi 4 via ethernet over USB. This will fix the rest, since raspbian stretch it is not recommended to edit any network files except the dhcpcd. com Mar 28, 2024 · Our long term goal will be to use SSH over USB. My only way of make the modem work again was unplug and plug the modem when the pi zero was turned off. To do that we will have to edit two files. 1 and it actually responds for some reason. conf. In the latter case, the RPi is unavailable for a few minutes, then I can ssh in Sep 22, 2023 · Attach the Storage Device and Power On: Begin by connecting your chosen storage device, be it an SD card or SSD with a USB converter, to your Raspberry Pi. But before I buy that stuff I thought I'd ask here for tips. Download the Raspbian image – full release or Lite – it works with All Raspberry Pi models with HDMI, micro HDMI, or mini HDMI support audio output over HDMI. local. 1. In Linux Mint 18. It should boot up in USB Ethernet Gadget mode, and you can SSH into: pi@raspberrypi. My Raspberry Pi Zero is connected with a standard micro USB cable to my desktop computer (Ubuntu 16. Since the hardware doesn’t have WiFi or BLE, we had to configure Raspbian to allow ethernet emulation over USB. Dec 8, 2018 · I read that you can connect directly to the pi using a basic ethernet cable. Connect Pi to Mac with USB cable, making sure to connect to USB port on Pi (not PWR) Boot Pi. ip link set usb0 up. local ' should be enough to connect you to the right machine (unless you have others on the same network already, of course). I thought it would be the same process as my Linux computer, but the Pi 4 does not show the usb0 when the Zero is plugged in. Create an empty file called ssh in /boot. The name will resolve to the old IP address. Let the Pi boot. We will use this in the next step. I installed the latest Raspian Stretch and put a blank ssh file inside of the sd card. My choice would be the first. My Macbook recognizes 'raspberrypi. This means that we have to configure Raspbian to treat the USB port like an ethernet port. but i need some help with SSH over usb . However, based on this discussion, the Pi4 supports the OTG specification on its USB-C connector. After this, you can simply connect your Raspberry Pi 4 to the iPad Pro and connect via ssh using raspberry. Apr 21, 2021 · The machine I am using to connect to the pi is running Ubuntu 20. to get the IPv4 Address, calling arp yields a new entry over the usb0 Nov 14, 2016 · I followed several steps to get an SSH over USB working. You can try that, after reboot when is hang, unplug and plug. 3V output so it's safe for the 3V3 Pi GPIO. There was a theory that the whole thing is in power, so I tried to connect RPI using an adapter from a Mar 19, 2019 · Connect the other end of the micro USB cable to your main PC and the Pi0 should start to boot. using the Pi itself with a working Raspbian Buster image on Dec 26, 2018 · Was able to watch the boot process complete successfully and was able to SSH in over WiFi. TXT AND CMDLINE. txt files using notepad++ Apr 7, 2019 · I've also tried using a Raspbian Jessie image as per the articles. local', and I can ssh into the Pi0 without issue. I'm using the Raspberry Pi Zero (without Wifi), and im trying to connect it through SSH. and make sure the usb cable connected to usb connection(the closest from hdmi input) of the pi not the Oct 21, 2012 · • Don't like the board ? Missing features ? Change to the prosilver theme ! You can find it in your settings. Download the 64-bit MSI (Windows Installer) Open it to run the installer (if asked for permission, click Yes) Select: Add shortcut to PuTTY on the Desktop. When prompted, enter the password for your user account on the Raspberry Pi. Mar 2, 2017 · 3. However, I keep getting ssh: Could not resolve hostname raspberrypi. • Don't like to search the forum BEFORE posting 'cos it's useless Jun 17, 2016 · Raspberry Pi and IoT is awesome. I used the pi usb port labelled 'data'. Jul 7, 2020 · I have done this many times on all models of the Pi Zero series (v1. Once securely attached, power on your Pi, initiating the boot-up process; Access Your Router’s Settings: The next step involves navigating to your router’s settings. txt and cmdline. HawaiianPi wrote: I use a USB TTL serial adapter based on the CP2012 chip. All Raspberry Pi models support audio over USB. 2 LTS. 255. Local and after setting my wifi to share to my pi it just stares at me. 1 as the address. Edit Config/cmdline files and add an ssh file (without an extension) Download Bonjour. Dec 1, 2012 · I hope this short instruction is of any help. I did the conventional setup that most people mentioned. sudo apt-get install dhcpcd. txt . We would like to be able to access the Pi Zero through SSH from our machine using a USB cable. So, I grab pi IP from windows network device and ping it, ping successfully knoks to pi. In summary, the forum participants reported the Pi4 supported full networking over the USB-C connector via use of the g_ether option. May 13, 2019 · It’s important that your Raspberry Pi is connected to a network otherwise you won’t be able to connect to it via SSH (sorry for stating the obvious). 55. Oct 9, 2022 · The VNC-server is not enabled by default, so that won't work until you login over SSH and enable it (raspi-config, Interface Options). txt and the cmdline. Depending on your intended use for it of course. In this section, we will be showing you how to connect to your Raspberry Pi over SSH using Windows, Linux, or macOS. Simply open the terminal and enter sudo ifconfig Next to the wlan0 entry, you will see inet addr: 192. This includes. directory. By executing the following two lines of code, I could get a connection: Code: Select all. Apr 26, 2018 · The step-by-step process for someone that wants to take remote access from a Raspberry Pi Zero W using Windows and Putty is the following: 1) Download and install the latest Raspbian using Etcher. but for some reason now I can't connect via usb and port 22 doesn't show on the pi ip but connecting to the pi zero via wifi works fine Mar 17, 2021 · I want to connect to a raspberry pi zero (running raspbian lite) over ssh by using the ethernet over usb option. Oct 22, 2020 · I am trying to ssh into my raspberrypi zero over usb and I have done these steps. xx, This is the IP address of your Raspberry Pi 3A+. try to add dtoverlay=dwc2 at the bottom of the config. 7. Jun 14, 2018 · OR can I put micro usb to usb adapter and put wifi dongle on usb SLAVE port for "ssh-ing" from pc? If by "module 3" you mean model 3B/3B+ the answer to your first question is no. local" Tell me if I am wrong somewhere or what's the problem. May 20, 2020 · Some devices have alternate modes for USB C that can drive a monitor but the 4B doesn't support this. Plug a Micro-USB power cable into the power port. Adapt this value to your system. txt appended "modules-load=dwc2,g_ether" after "rootwait" with a space. 2. It is suggested that an alternative might be to add. 4. If that's not enough, you can use adb to forward your SSH port with adb forward <local> <remote> and adb reverse <remote> <local> Apr 15, 2024 · SSH over USB - Zero 2 W with Ubuntu - Can't make it work! I need to SSH into my Zero 2 W. instruction to the end of the. - in config. Dec 11, 2023 · Without Wi-Fi, the Pi does not seem to establish a proper USB gadget connection for SSH. 0 the raspberry pi is accessible using ssh [email protected] I have no problem suing the SSH. ssh. Oct 27, 2022 · After your Raspberry Pi has finished booting, you should now be able to SSH to your Raspberry Pi. Sep 16, 2023 · Wanted to share that an issue I hit in SSH'ing into the Raspberry Pi Zero W over USB in Windows 10 and 11 was driver related. First, edit the file /boot/config. You get a fast IoT device at the size of a pack of gum. After rootwait, we will add. After installation finishes, shut down the Pi: sudo shutdown -h now. Just tried it with the latest Raspberry Pi OS Bullseye image (2022-09-22-raspios-bullseye-armhf. 58. • Don't like to search the forum BEFORE posting 'cos it's useless Sep 22, 2017 · Hi Everyone, I didnt know exactly where to post this. Login over USB using Putty. TXT. Learn how to connect to your Raspberry Pi Zero Internet of Things (IoT) device using SSH over USB. - in cmdfile. conf file for wireless network). Saved and powered down the Pi. in boot partition create file called ssh (empty ofc) 4. As you will soon find out, connecting using SSH is a very straightforward and quick process. net or via the ip that shows up on my computer. Do you (dis)confirm that SSH over USB is possible with RPi 0 but not with RPi 3? pi-3. local -I usb0. 00 well spent. Feb 3, 2020 · You might get away with doing trivial things on the 4B, you might not. See full list on howchoo. Feb 15, 2021 · Name resolution can break if the Pi has previously been visible to the USB host over a different connection (ethernet, WiFi). With a charge and sync cable, connect the micro USB end to the inner most micro USB port on the Pi. All variants of the Raspberry Pi 1, 2, 3, and 4 include a 3. Only the zero, zeroW,and (probably) model A/A+ can function as a USB device. Apr 16, 2020 · OS: Ubuntu 19. Jul 17, 2012 · Re: Serial Port Communication over the USB in Raspberry Pi 3. txt and commandline. Second, we will edit the file /boot/cmdline. Reply. txt file. Make sure all the content of the file are on one line. • Don't like to search the forum BEFORE posting 'cos it's useless Aug 16, 2017 · from the description above it seem that you have not change the CONFIG. After setting the IPv4 to manual with the address 192. Usually I could ssh via raspberrypi. x. local, check that it has a 192. Restart RPI, ssh does not up. Make fresh raspbian install and make a file called "ssh" without any extensions in the boot directory. Once we did this we were able to SSH into Jan 13, 2015 · Other thoughts: 1) Set the Pi up as an AP and connect one pc to each Pi AP (never tried lots of APs in one room though) 2) Use the remote GPIO capability of the Pi. txt, and create the ssh -file as described here, then connected the pi to my laptop using a mirco-usb-cable. May 15, 2017 · 0. So I connected my android Smartphone to my pi via USB cable and activated USB Tethering on my device: I downloaded the dhcpcd tool on my raspberry pi. Connect via USB and SSH host raspberry. Edited config. When asked, "Would you like the SSH server enabled," choose "Yes. Given that you know the Pi boots and responds to ssh you could forget connecting a monitor and use ssh for command line and vnc for desktop access. Jul 29, 2020 · The Pi4 has only one USB-C connector. I've plugged a HDMI cable into the Pi May 7, 2019 · Use Windows Explorer or 7-zip or something similar to open the downloaded file and extract the contents into a folder. I want to control my headless Raspberry Pi 3B via a USB cable connection to my PC. May 16, 2017 · Hello I am using raspberry pi compute module 3 and i/o board. Although I see here and there that SSH over USB is not possible with RPi 3, it seems that SSHing over USB is possible for RPi 0. Oct 18, 2019 · 4. And then check you can see your files and create a new one: Copy a public key to your Raspberry Pi. Wired Connection #1 is my connection to my router; I am not on wifi. Threw the SD card back in the Pi Zero and booted it up. 0-1022-raspi2 aarch64). On the desktop version: Enable SSH in the Raspberry Pi Configuration tool, in the “Interfaces” tab. • Don't like to search the forum BEFORE posting 'cos it's useless • Don't like the board ? Missing features ? Change to the prosilver theme ! You can find it in your settings. Mar 9, 2019 · Hopefully some of you could provide some more ideas to solve this. 2) Create empty ssh file (that means ssh and not ssh. Download now. I added required lines to config. As a long time Raspberry Pi fanatic, the Pi Zero, if you can get a hold of one, is $5. -o IPQoS=0. i wanted to login in cm3 module like raspberry pi zero. No ethernet, wifi, or soldering skills are necessary to c The title should say everything. • Don't like to search the forum BEFORE posting 'cos it's useless Sep 8, 2016 · sudo BRANCH=next rpi-update. This does include the wpa_supplicant. I'm facing a strange issue related to wifi and USB connection to my raspberry pi Zero. This part assumes that ssh is enabled for your image and that the default user is pi with a password of raspberry. 2. I've modified the config. My pi is booted and running. I am trying to connect to my Raspberry pi with ssh over USB. I am able to do this using Raspbian after making the usual changes to config. Feb 7, 2021 · Open the repo directory: cd raspberry-pi-usb-network. Share. The usb0-interface shows up as soon as the pi is plugged in, gets an Ipv6 and Ipv4 If you use the dwc2 driver, it supports both device and host modes, but uses the OTG_ID pin to decide on which mode to choose, we currently have a pull down on the OTG_ID pin to d - 2 different raspberry pi zero's, one w and one 1. Be sure to give it enough time before you try an SSH login. It's not just for ssh. This update delivers the two files into the. Jun 1, 2022 · Code: Select all. Unfortunately my laptop doesn't have an ethernet plug. Wed Oct 25, 2017 4:07 pm. You will need to set up three environment variables ( http_proxy, https_proxy, and no_proxy) so your Raspberry Pi knows how to access the proxy server. 3. If I do. Note that the first boot can take awhile, so give it a couple of minutes before you try to SSH in. Check in Mac System Preferences > Sharing that Internet Sharing and RNDIS/Ethernet Gadget are ticked. Over a local serial (RS-232) connection all you need is your USB serial cable (wired as a "null modem" cable) and your favorite terminal emulator. txt file in the boot directory. Try booting the Pi with that enabled and seeing if you can connect to it via SSH once it's connected to your WAN. 2, v1. 3 (both were one per customer) - raspi 2B just to check if the OS actually worked. With the files downloaded, proceed to enable the USB boot mode with: echo program_usb_boot_mode=1 | sudo tee -a /boot/config. Nov 28, 2016 · Raspberry Pi Zero or Raspberry Pi Zero W – (obviously) Windows PC – with a Bonjour installed (it’s the first time I get to use this in my life – Linux people Avahi-Deamon will do it) A USB cable; SD-card and a reader; Putty on Windows or terminal on Linux; Step 1. This seems weird to me. conf and the ssh file, and a compatible WiFi adapter, you can do a completely headless boot of your Pi0v1. It happen something similar to me and the only way to solve it was unplug and plug again. txt. Jan 19, 2021 · Is the RaspberryPi as difficult to set up as its sounds?In this tutorial, I will be presenting how to set up a Raspberry Pi Zero through the use of USB and S Feb 21, 2019 · If not, connecting to the Pi Zero via SSH would be my preference. I leave the Pi around 3 minutes to boot, with it connected to my PC's USB port, anfd the light is solidly on. Select "P2 SSH" and press Enter. . Jan 14, 2019 · Changing usb cables and using different ports 5. Added modules-load=dwc2,g_ether directly after rootwait in the cmdline. plug pi to usb using usb socket (second from top of pi) First issue i saw was - pi never is indentified as raspberrypi. I found that the network connection now had it as unidentified connection (YESSSS). Dec 1, 2018 · 0. txt, and with the newer Bullseye releases, add a userconf file with my username and encrypted password (and optionally add a wpa_supplicant. ping raspberrypi. I also did changed the config. " The command syntax is this: sudo mount <DEVICE> <FOLDER> -o <OPTIONS>. Works great with the Pi and has 0-3. What finally did was to go into the pi's ssh_conf and sshd_conf and add. Oct 29, 2021 · As long as you have the Raspberry Pi USB-C port connected to the Raspberry Pi power supply, it would be difficult to do. It's more likely to work if your host USB ports don't stick to the USB spec regarding how much current they supply. 10 (GNU / Linux 5. • Don't like the board ? Missing features ? Change to the prosilver theme ! You can find it in your settings. local Jul 10, 2022 · Type this command to enter the text-based configuration tool for your Raspberry Pi: sudo raspi-config. Remember that the Pi0 is slow, so it could take a couple of minutes to boot (depending on OS version and SD card speed). X. The 4B has Gadget Mode via the USB C ( non standards compliant ) Power Port. Here's what I found worked: Windows 10: Presumably the first time that you plugged your pi into your laptop, it said something about installing a driver/getting the device ready. 3. 5mm auxiliary TRRS jack, which may require amplification for sufficient Jan 7, 2018 · So im trying to ssh over to my rpi 0 (version 1. Connecting to Your Raspberry Pi over SSH. Sometimes I need to connect USB cable to the Pi0, because my wifi router is sometimes unstable. Apr 28, 2017 · 4: Eject your MicroSD card and boot it up in your pi! make sure you plug the usb cable from your mac into the USB input of your pi - this can also power it. 3, W and 2W). mshome. Rpi zero ssh over usb not working. You shouldn't even have to find the IP address, 'ssh pi@raspberrypi. The use of arp -a on my PC does not reveal the Pi's presence when it's offline. What has worked for me (though not tried with an iPad): Main LAN subnet: 192. Mar 18, 2019 · Connect the other end of the micro USB cable to your main PC and the Pi0 should start to boot. txt: Code: Select all. IPQoS 0x00. Jan 26, 2023 · Any thing that can be sent over a network connection can be sent over the USB gadget one. I found some ethernet to usb adapters for sale, so I guess I could use that together with an ethernet cable to connect my pi directly to my laptop. dtoverly=dwc2,dr_mode=peripheral. On your computer, open up PuTTY. the connection is working fine in SSH but anytime i try to add a new file or folder, i get permission denied messages. I connected the raspberry to my laptop so I could ssh in. txt and ssh file without extension. 3 i believe, non wifi) using a micro usb cable that I have. yml. Run the Ansible playbook: ansible-playbook main. • Don't like to search the forum BEFORE posting 'cos it's useless Copy a public key to your Raspberry Pi. Open a terminal window, and open the file /etc/environment using nano: sudo nano /etc/environment. You can get them for $5-$10 on Amazon, and less than $2 on ebay. Connect the USB A end to your laptop. Login over Wifi. Ping Pi: ping raspberrypi. 238 With wpa_supplicant. Sat Jul 21, 2018 3:36 pm. About 50% of the time it will resume, and the other 50% it will drop the connection with a "broken pipe". local" (but the videos and tutorials on the internet does show Raspberry Pi Zero as a USB drive and they can ssh into it using "raspberrypi. I followed the guides here and here, both times freshly flashing Raspbian Buster Lite to the SD and modifying the config files. Y address. After I do this, and wait about 15 seconds or so, I get a notifcation that Wired Connectiong #2 was made. 168. I'm running the latest jessie download available on my original pi zero. Add empty file called ssh. 0 port and get a drop of the SSH session. both file above is in the boot. Flashing Raspbian onto a SD card. I'm seeking a solution that allows SSH access to the Pi in USB gadget mode, regardless of its Wi-Fi status. I was just curious if it will work with 192. Finally, connect to your Raspberry Pi via SSH. You need to force the dwc2 driver into peripheral mode in config. local you can see the RPi's IP address. In the file dialog, pick the folder you extracted On the computer you use to remotely connect to the Raspberry Pi, use the following command to securely copy your public key to the Raspberry Pi: ssh-copy-id <username>@<ip address>. However, I have heard of people connecting the RPi 4 USB-C port to the USB-C port of another computer, say a desktop. Loaded up raspi-config and changed the boot option to Console Autologin. 3, I have to go into Network Connections and edit the entry that shows up when the Zero W is plugged in. The uid and gid options allow pi to read and write files on the USB key. This command adds the. xz). 5. I followed the steps posted here. Reflashing the Raspbian image and configuring it for ssh via usb. This all works fine. 0. Some of the forum participants also reported that access to the SD card Sep 26, 2018 · I am using Raspberry Pi for the first time. . Aug 11, 2017 · 1 Answer. Go to the IPv4 Settings tab, and change . After I set usb0 up. Sep 1, 2014 · I finally came to the realization that I need to turn on usb0 via this command. Additionally, when I was trying to SSH into the Pi Zero, I noticed that it seems to be trying to connect over the eth0 interface rather than the usb0 interface. All I've needed to do is make the needed edits to cmdline. img. I've tried both lite and full version of Raspbian. 04). Shutdown the Pi. The situation is this: when I connected to the raspberry over SSH, I connect a 1TB hard drive into the USB 3. 219. Use the arrow keys on your keyboard to select "Interfacing Options," then press the Enter key. is jm si lf lj ub ds jd ei ik