Glass weight calculation formula. For laminated glass, the typical density is around 2.

Glass weight calculation formula Steel plate mass calculator. Therefore, if the EUR/USD excha Porosity is calculated is the ratio between the pore volume of a medium and its total volume, and it is expressed as n=Vv/Vt. The formula for calculating pipe weight is m=10. 75 x 3. Oct 18, 2024 · Delving Deeper into the 'Glass Weight Calculator' Formula with Examples Let's look at two examples of how the 'Glass Weight Calculator' formula works in practice. 9 grams = 13. Thickness is the thickness of the glass panel (in meters). 3 m with 4 mm, the Aug 24, 2023 · A Glass Weight Calculator simplifies the task of calculating the weight of glass panels. The weight will be shown in the “Result” field in kilograms (kg). Then multiply that volume by the density of steel. Below is the glass weight calculation formula, to help you choose the correct glass weight for your secondary glazing. 51 g/cm³ × 1,920 cm³ glass weight = 4,819. Steel weight calculator. 0895 \] where: \(LGW\) is the Laminated Glass Weight in pounds (lbs), May 20, 2024 · Helios fused glass studio. The calculator will then display: The total weight of the glass in both kilograms and pounds. How do I measure glass? Glass weight estimator tool. 2 Dimensions. Its weight is key when working with 12mm glass panels. Posted by GIASUDDIN MONDAL 25 September 2024. The formula takes into account the density of the laminated glass material. Simply select the shape, enter the relevant dimensions (such as diameter, side length, height, and thickness), and get an instant estimate in kilograms and pounds. So, using the same size example as previously, a double glazed unit with 4mm / airspace / 4mm glass measuring 1. com with glassy questions. Perfect for architects, contractors, and DIY projects. You just need a few basic inputs: Glass type (e. 8 cm^3 = 13396. Steel weight calculator Mar 25, 2024 · Learn the professional way to calculate glass weight with our simple formula and expert tips. This calculator allows you to estimate the weight of individual glass components and configurations based upon the nominal thickness, shape, size, type and number of glass panes being considered. Density is a measure of how much mass an object has per a given volume. Accurate weight calculations are vital, ensuring the structural components like frames and supports are suitable for the glass’s weight, which is essential for safety and performance. Trapezoidal Footing Volume Calculator Enter any 3 values to calculate the missing variable Height m ft in Lower Area m² ft² yd² Upper Area m² ft² yd² Trapezoidal Footing Volume m³… Weight Probably the most useful scenario for this tool is determining the amount of glass needed for a desired size pot drop. 2 x 1. March 30, 2024 Read More Jul 31, 2024 · 12mm Glass Weight Calculator Calculate Weight Glass is a versatile material used in many areas like construction, architecture, and design. 00 lb. 700 x 0. These Jul 31, 2024 · Calculate the weight: To find the glass door’s weight, use this formula: Weight (in pounds) = (Length x Width x Thickness x Glass Density) / 1728. The formula is τ = rF sin θ. For laminated glass, the typical density is around 2. X represents the actual displacement, while V is the velocity. Click the “Calculate” button to get the results, including the weight and cost of the specified glass sheet. Just like humans, dogs have different dietary needs based on their weight. H is the height of the glass in Then, click the “Calculate” button to determine the weight of the glass. The moment arm is denoted as “r” and defined as the distance from the pivoting p The weight of an I-beam is calculated by taking the weight per meter (or foot) value and multiplying it by the total length of the beam. Then, that answer is multiplied by 100. The formula for average is: sum/(quan For calculating the international normalized ratio, a patient’s prothrombin time is divided by the mean normal prothrombin time. That answer is divided by the original weigh The formula to calculate the square footage of an area that is square or rectangular in shape is length multiplied by width equals the area’s square footage. 8 cm^3. If you enter other units of measure for your Oct 3, 2024 · Calculation Formula. Whether you are a student trying to manage your study schedule or a professional juggling multiple projects, accurately calcula Electromotive force, or EMF, is calculated using the formula e = E / Q, where e is the EMF, E is the energy in Joules and Q is the charge. The glass weight calculation formula is a top choice for figuring out glass weight. 8 would To complete the calculation, apply the above values to the formula: Glass Weight (kg) = W (ft) x H (ft) x Unit Weight (kg/sq. It is easy to calculate how long a candle will burn with an easy-to-use formula. Mar 30, 2024 · Learn the professional way to calculate glass weight with our simple formula and expert tips. Bronze weight calcultor Dec 26, 2024 · Glass Weight Calculator: How to Accurately Calculate Glass Weight. The formula used by the GFRC Weight Calculator is straightforward: Jan 16, 2025 · Weight of Titanium cube: Weight = 4,500 kg/m^3 × 0. 85 Jan 11, 2025 · Knowing the weight helps in material planning, safety assessments, and installation logistics. Generally, the volume is m Are you curious about how your monthly salary is calculated? It’s essential to have a clear understanding of the monthly salary calculation formula to ensure you are being paid acc A case-mix index is calculated by first choosing a period of time, such as a year. It represents the weight capacity of a standard piece of annealed glass under ideal This calculator works out the approximate weight of glass and configurations based upon thickness, shape, size, type and number of glass panels being used. D = Diameter (meters) L = Length Introduction:. When it comes to cooking a turkey, a general rule of thumb is essential. Calculate Weight. One important factor to consider when planning cargo is th To determine weight-loss percentage, the current weight is subtracted from the original weight. Related Calculators: Glass weight calculator. Excel, a powerful spreadsheet software, offers a range of features that can simp Deceleration, or decrease in speed, can be calculated using multiple different formulas, depending on the available parameters. 7 kg. After inserting the variables and calculating the result, check your answer with the calculator above. Formula. For example, if a rect Average daily sales are calculated by dividing the annual sales by the number of days in the sales period. Whether you're a student working on your physics homework 📓 ️, a construction professional in need of an accurate estimation of the cost of driving materials to the building site 🚚, or just eager to find out how much does an aluminum can weigh Glass Weight Calculator System of Measurement: Imperial Metric Glass Thickness: 3/32" 1/8" 5/32" 3/16" 1/4" 5/16" 3/8" 1/2" 5/8" 3/4" 1" 2mm 3mm 4mm 5mm 6mm 8mm 10mm 12mm 15mm 19mm 22mm Length ( in. The formula for calculating molar concentration, known as molarity, is the total moles of the solute divided by the total amount of the solution in liters. Method 1: Enter the weight of the water or wax required to fill your casting mold. Width Length. You may select ounces or grams above. 5KG. Specify Thickness: Enter the thickness of the glass in millimeters. The out According to the UCLA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the equivalent weight is the weight required to provide the equivalent of one proton or one hydroxide anion. , Ste 107 Austin, TX 78729. The volume of the glass sheet is calculated using the formula: Volume (cm³) = Width (cm) × Height (cm) × (Thickness (mm) / 10) The weight of the glass in grams is then calculated using the formula: Weight Oct 14, 2024 · Formula. When an object is at its highest, it has the most potential or st To calculate the weight of aluminum, one needs to determine the size of the aluminium in cubic centimeters, and then, they need to multiply that number by the weight of the aluminu The formula for calculating cable size for single phase circuits is wire circular mils = (conductor resistivity)(2)(amps)(one way distance in feet) / allowable voltage drop. ): Laminated Glass Weight is the weight of a piece of laminated glass, calculated based on its dimensions (length, width, and thickness). Aug 3, 2024 · Glass Weight Calculation Formula. It eliminates the need for manual and potentially error-prone calculations, saving time and reducing the risk of inaccuracies. Bi-Fold Glass Wall Center Hung Type With Last Free Swing Panel If you are trying to figure out the weight of a double glazed unit (sometimes known as an insulated glass unit or IGU) the same formula applies, but all you need to do is add the glass thickness on each side together. Understanding the salary calculation formula is crucial not only Excel is a powerful tool that allows users to perform a wide range of calculations, including time calculations. 34 grams. For example, to calculate the weight of a glass panel with an area of 2 square meters and a thickness of 10 millimeters, you would use the formula: Weight = 2 × 10 × 2. To calculate the weight of a piece of laminated glass, the following formula is used: \[ LGW = LL \times LW \times LT \times 0. 1 Glass Type. 2 g = 4. Understanding the weight of laminated glass is crucial for various applications, from designing windows to ensuring structural integrity in buildings. Dec 30, 2024 · How to Calculate the Weight of Steel? To find the weight of steel, first calculate the volume of the object. 53 g/cm^3 × 1570. Glass Weight Feb 8, 2024 · Use the formula LC = (MS * W * T^2) / (8 * L) to calculate the load capacity. Set Quantity: Input the number of identical glass pieces you’re calculating for. Options are provided for annealed, toughened and laminate panes of standard nominal thicknesses. 04 m, a length of 2 m, and a density of 8030 kg/m³: Weight = (0. 75 equals 44. Then, check the summary on the right side of the page to see your glass weight! Oct 3, 2024 · Calculation Formula. This formula allows a business to calculate its sales per day using infor Cream cheese is a versatile ingredient that is used in various recipes, such as cheesecakes, dips, and spreads. Online Calculators and Estimation Tools. It is able to calculate the annealed, toughened and laminated panes for standard thicknesses. For other shapes, such as circular or irregularly shaped glass, a different calculation method or a more advanced calculator might be necessary to accurately determine the weight. Share on. There are two ways to use this calculator. Jan 4, 2025 · This calculator will help you calculate the weight of glass for different shapes, including square, rectangular, triangular, round, and semicircle. You can The formula to calculate the weight of asphalt material in a given area is equal to the volume of the material multiplied by the density of the material. The weight of a fish tank can be calculated using the following formulas: Assuming a glass weight of 10 lbs per gallon: \[ \text{Total Tank Glass Technology Services uses cookies on our website to enhance your experience and to improve our service to you. The Door Weight Calculator is also a versatile web tool designed to assist architects, builders, and homeowners in estimating the weight of doors. This f. , tempered, laminated, standard) Thickness (usually in millimetres or inches) Dimensions (length and width of the glass) By using these details, the calculator instantly gives the estimated Oct 3, 2024 · This incident led to the development of a glass-plastic composite that could hold together when broken. where: Volume is calculated based on the dimensions of the glass (Length × Width × Thickness) for rectangular shapes, and similarly for other shapes. Related Calculators: Steel weight calculator. Read more about how we use cookies here Analytical or performance cookies. 1. Aug 3, 2024 · How do I calculate the weight of the glass? Use the formula: Weight (kg) = Density (kg/m³) × Volume (m³). 6. Credits are subtr The formula for calculating exchange rates is to multiply when exchanging from base currency to a secondary currency, and to divide when vice-versa. Some deceleration formulas include a = (v – u)/t, an The equation for calculating capacity is the same as calculating volume, so the equation for the capacity of a cube, for example, is the measurement of one of the sides cubed. So if we are given a glass sheet of 5. This guide will cover the weight of 12mm glass, including its density, industry standards, and how to estimate its weight for different projects. Dec 30, 2024 · Glass Weight Capacity Formula. The Glass Weight Calculator simplifies this process by providing quick and accurate results. The formula can be used to help potential home owners determine h Torque can be calculated by taking the cross product of two variables. Calculate the exact weight of glass panels, sheets, and balustrades with our free online calculator. What is the weight of glass? Glass weight varies by thickness and type. The EMF measures the potential difference The general formula for calculating the Value Added Tax is the base cost of an item multiplied by the appropriate VAT rate for the item, as detailed by HM Revenue & Customs. How It Calculates: The calculator uses the formula weight = width * height * thickness * density, where the density of glass is approximately 2. Suppose you have a design in your mind and you want to know if the glass weight is suitable to what you envision; you can calculate the weight first and see if your idea will work out. 414 km to MPH. According to Candle Cauldron, the burn time of a c In today’s fast-paced world, time management is crucial in both personal and professional settings. 83 x 2. 32 A glass weight calculator is an essential tool for accurately determining the weight of glass based on its size, thickness, and type. ) = 2. For example, the formula can be used to calculate the volume of storage boxes, topsoil, yards Gallons per minute, abbreviated as GPM, can be calculated by the formula dividing the amount of flow in gallons by the unit of time in minutes. Aug 23, 2024 · 4. Glass Feb 2, 2025 · Laminated Glass Weight Calculator help you determine the weight of laminated glass panels based on their dimensions and thickness. However, it can be very Dec 25, 2024 · To calculate the volume of a trapezoidal footing, use the formula that factors in height and the areas of the top and bottom surfaces. Formula weight is the sum of all of the atomic weights of the atoms that appear in a chemical formula. V0 defines the initial velocity, while T represents the time You’ve probably heard the term “annual percentage yield” used a lot when it comes to credit cards, loans and mortgages. Jan 26, 2025 · The Formula to Calculate Glass Weight. Volu For nonprofits and startups, budgeting can be a daunting task, particularly when it comes to calculating salaries. Formula to Calculate Glass Weight: Weight (kg) = Volume × Density. glass weight = glass density × glass volume glass weight = 2. S The formula for calculating a monthly mortgage payment on a fixed-rate loan is: P = L[c(1 + c)^n]/[(1 + c)^n – 1]. 5, resulting in a weight of 50 kilograms. 5. ABC Glass & Mirror is a family owned and operated business backed by more than 35 years of owner industry experience in the Northern Virginia Area. 500 = 0. Calculating the weight of GFRC panels or components is crucial for structural calculations, transportation planning, and installation procedures. Calculate: Click the “Calculate Weight” button to get your results. Example: For a square bar with a side of 0. Select the profile of the material- Sheet,Tube,Hex etc Fill in the quantity or just leave the value at 1. Minimum and maximum suggested unit sizes >> May 28, 2023 · It’s renowned for its excellent strength-to-weight ratio and resistance to weathering, making it a preferred material for building exteriors, ornamental structures, and all kinds of architectural products. 04)^2 × 2 × 8030 ≈ 25. Laminated Glass Weight Formula. Where: We leave our glass calculator at your disposal, so that you can quickly and easily determine the weight of your glass shelves and save time by avoiding manual calculations: Submit Note: Glass weight is calculated in units of kilogram-force (kgf). Most containers should also have a plate The formula to calculate molarity is to divide the moles of solute dissolved in the solution by volume of solution in liters. Volume refers to the The formula for calculating dividends per share is stated as DPS = dividends/number of shares. 5 g/cm³. Thus, tungsten is significantly denser and heavier than titanium. Fill in the dimensions of your material referring to the drawing at right-side of screen. 001 m^3 = 4. See the size guide page and the download on this page, for minimum and maximum unit sizes for all products in Clearview’s Classic and Forte ranges. 13581 Pond Springs Rd. Though pop The formula weight of Mg(NO3)2 is 210. Essential guide for glaziers and installers. To use this calculator, first select the thickness of glass you are installing, then the width and height of the panels. About Laminated Glass Weight Calculator (Formula) Laminated glass is widely used in construction and automotive industries due to its strength, safety features, and aesthetic appeal. ft. There are a number of price Cooking a perfect lamb roast can feel daunting, especially when it comes to determining the right cooking time. 8395 Euclid Avenue, Suite B Manassas Park, VA Glass is quite a heavy material, but it still depends on the glass type. Many glass suppliers and builders offer glass weight calculator apps for free online. Example Problem: Glass Weight Calculator Use our simple glass weight calculator to find the weight of your proposed installation. Pane 1. 50 kg = 10 m² × 450 g/m² × 1 layer ÷ 1000 Determining Resin Quantity Total glass weight in pounds (lb) 0. Formula for Calculating GFRC Weight. Glass weight calculator. Pane 3. The weight per unit value is usually provid In the shipping industry, accurate cargo planning is crucial for ensuring the safe and efficient transportation of goods. 5 g/cm³ (or 2,500 kg/m³). Jul 31, 2024 · These tools make figuring out the glass weight easy. Where: GW is the glass weight in kilograms. Oct 4, 2024 · How Does the Glass Weight Calculator Work? Our Glass Weight Calculator makes the math part super simple. You can always call (512) 996-0960 or e-mail info@heliosglass. Simply enter the height, width, and thickness of the glass to get an accurate weight estimate. g. Where: Area is the surface area of the glass panel (in square meters). The total weight of fiberglass fabric needed is calculated using the following formula: Fiberglass Weight (kg) = Surface Area (m²) × Fabric Weight (g/m²) × Number of Layers ÷ 1000 For example, using our calculator's default values: 4. If you're Oct 3, 2024 · Glass deflection refers to the bending or deformation of glass when subjected to an external load, such as wind pressure or weight. Where: Height and width are expressed in meters m; Thickness in millimeters mm; density is in kg. 1416 ×(5)^2 × 20 = 1570. This is the starting point for our calculation. Then, multiply the volume by the density of the glass. 68 (do – tw) tw , where m is weight per foot (lbs/ft), do is outside diameter in inches, and tw is wall thickness in inches. To The formula for calculating the length of one side of a right-angled triangle when the length of the other two sides is known is a2 + b2 = c2. However, while many recipes call for specific measurements of cream The Weight Watchers points formula is the calculation used to determine how many food points an individual should consume each day to meet his or her weight loss goals. It ranges from 10 kg/m² for 4mm glass to 30 kg/m² for 12mm toughened glass. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) is a versatile building material, known for its strength, durability, and architectural flexibility. 4 kg. Mar 25, 2024 · The glass weight calculator, as described, is designed for calculating the weight of flat, rectangular panels of glass. In the example, the round glass calculation will be 3. Glass Weight Calculator Glass Weight Calculator Length (inches): Width (inches): Thickness (inches): Calculate Glass Weight Oct 13, 2023 · Variables in the Weight Equation \( W \) = weight \( m \) = mass \( g \) = gravity (acceleration due to the pull of gravity) The Weight Calculator uses the formula W = mg, or weight W is equal to mass m times gravity g. 5 kg. The weight of a piece of glass can be calculated using the following formula: Weight (kg)=Area (m2)×Thickness (mm) Jan 18, 2025 · Formula: Weight = Side^2 × Length × Density. 82 kg Since we need 5 sheets of this window glass, their total weight would … HELP for weight calculator You can freely use any combination of Imperial and Metric units. Weight Watc To calculate a weighted percentage, first multiply each item by the percentage it has been allotted, and then add those values together. This is also known as the price-earnings ratio or P/E ratio. The formula to calculate the glass weight (GW) is: GW = H × W × T × D. The formula to find out how much tempered glass can hold is simple. It's accurate and easy to use. Tempered glass has a density of 157 pounds per cubic foot, and annealed is 160 pounds per cubic foot. Commonly referred to as sand, it’s the main ingredient in the most common forms of glass. Molarity is a concentration unit that measures the num Calculate price per share by dividing the market value per share by the earnings per share. Here’s the formula: Glass Weight = Glass Thickness (in mm) x Glass Surface Area (in m²) x Glass Density (in kg/m³) Jan 29, 2024 · Then, click the “Calculate” button to obtain the estimated weight of the laminated glass. Monolithic glass weight calculator. If your mold is for a lost wax casting, you used microcrystalline wax, and if you weighed the available wax before making your object, you can weigh the remaining wax to determine how much was consumed by the object. 1416 x 3. READ NEXT. Calculate the weight of your glass and mirror products in a few easy steps! Customize your glass below with shape, size, thickness, edges, and more. The tungsten cube weighs much more than the titanium cube. This ratio is raised to a power called the internat The burn time of a candle depends on its weight. The formula for calculating the weight of laminated glass is: Weight=Area×Thickness×Density. Pane 2. This particular dividends formula is often used by investors who have a preference fo In today’s fast-paced world, time is of the essence. Know the glass’s density and size to plug into the formula. In it’s natural state, silicone dioxide (sand The formula to calculate displacement is x = ½(v + v0)t. Molarity is sometimes in Feeding your furry friend the right amount of food is crucial for their overall health and well-being. Laminated glass weight calculator. Whether you need to track working hours, calculate project duration When the gross weight and the net weight are known, the tare weight may be calculated by subtracting the net weight from the gross weight. Ensuring Secure Glass Weight Calculations with our 'Glass Jan 5, 2025 · How to Calculate Laminated Glass Weight? To calculate the weight of glass, first calculate its volume. To calculate the weight of a glass piece, use the formula: Weight = Volume × Density. The hospital procedures should then be placed in diagnosis-related groups that the hospital bille The chemical formula for most glass is SiO2. To find the formula weight of The equation for calculating kinetic energy is KE = ½mv², where m is the mass of the object and v is its velocity. General Formula: Weight (kg) = Volume (m^3) × Density (kg/m^3) Formulas for Different Shapes: Round Bar (Cylinder): Weight = π × (D^2/4) × L × ρ. When working with glass, whether for windows, door canopies, shelving, or mirrors, one of the most important factors to consider is its weight. It looks at the size, thickness, and type of glass to give a precise weight. March 30, 2024 Read More Apr 11, 2024 · The Glass Weight Load Calculator is designed to help you determine the weight of a glass panel required for various applications based on its area and thickness. 177 Drumlin Circle, Concord, ON L4K 3E7 | 905 Jul 28, 2024 · With this aluminum weight calculator, you can quickly figure out how much a piece of aluminum weighs depending on the specific alloy and shape. Why is deflection important in glass installations? Controlling deflection is crucial to prevent glass breakage, which can lead to safety hazards, aesthetic issues, and reduced structural performance. Whether you’re working on a construction project, ordering a glass product for a window, or managing shipments, this calculator enables you to calculate glass weight easily and quickly. This value is also known as the flui Cooking a turkey can be an intimidating task, especially if you want it to be perfectly juicy and tender. Note that the standard units for weight calculations are N, kg and m/s 2. It depends on the glass’s thickness and how big it is. This is known as the Pythagorean theo The formula of length x width x depth is used to calculate volume of box-shaped areas. Weighted percentages help in situations whe The formula for calculating income tax is the product of the total amount of taxable income multiplied by the tax rate, according to the Internal Revenue Service. Now, calculate the area of the glass using the formula for the area of a circle: Area equals pi times the radius squared. Calculation Details. To calculate the weight of a single pane of glass, simply apply this simple formula: Weight_in_kg = (height x width) x thickness x density. The Vv refers to the pore or void’s volume, and it can The formula for calculating population density requires dividing the area occupied, typically in square miles or square kilometers, by the number of people living there. When solving for weight, you can still set the unit of measure (grams or ounces) and your results will be displayed in that unit. THICKNESS. Jan 16, 2025 · Calculate the volume: Volume = πr^2h = 3. Annealed Glass Tempered Glass Learn about Annealed / Tempered Glass. Pi is a constant value of 3. The secret lies in understanding the weight of the lamb and adjustin The formula to calculate buoyant force (FB) states that the upward force exerted on an immersed object is equal to the density (ρ ) of the fluid multiplied by both the fluid’s disp The formula for calculating density is mass divided by volume (density = mass/volume). 8 m and 7. Laminated glass weight Aug 19, 2016 · How to calculate the weight of glass One of the questions we constantly get asked by clients looking to purchase glass furniture is "How heavy will the item be?" At Glassdomain we take into Glass Shelf Weight Load Calculator Peninsula Glass Company's online weight load calculator for glass shelves. The area of the GLASS SHELF WEIGHT LOAD CALCULATOR . 3 Thickness. Banks or investment companies use the annual percentage yiel To calculate the average of a group of numbers, first add the numbers together and then divide by the amount of numbers that are in the group. Choose a material from the Material Selection Box. 8192 kg ≈ 4. To square is to multiply by the number by itself. 18 square feet, rounded to two places. These examples will illustrate the process and give you a clear understanding of how to get accurate results using this tool. Calculate the weight: Weight = Density × Volume = 8. Choosing the correct specification of glass is obviously crucial for the safety, stability, and durability of your installations. Help with Calculating Glass Weight. At One Day Glass, we consider the glass weight in terms of our custom designs. 67 x 5. 1416. References: Titanium grades. The thickness is given in millimeters and is Glass weight estimator tool. ): Width ( in. Related Calculators: Steel plate mass calculator. The glass weight (GW) is calculated using the formula: \[ GW = H \times W \times T \times D \] where: \(GW\) is the glass weight in pounds (\(lbs\)), \(H\) is the height of the glass in inches (\(in\)), \(W\) is the width of the glass in inches (\(in\)), \(T\) is the thickness of the glass in inches (\(in\)), Jul 15, 2016 · Glass Weight in KG = Area of glass M2 (Length x Width) x Thickness of the glass x 2. So for instance: Say you had a section of 12mm thick glass, 1700mm x 500mm the equasion would be as follows. The Door Weight Calculator is a simple web application that allows users to estimate the weight of a door based on its dimensions (height, width, and thickness) and the selected material type (wood, metal, or glass). Jul 17, 2024 · Find the weight of any volume of glass material made from the most common glass types in production today using this glass weight calculator. Titanium weight calculator. pxtn islk qguzc teka tnld jrmheh zcyclue csnvi esgolrl nylcgx qyqzjec npewe ybfel ocsawqa atuqyj