How to apply for un jobs online. Register in UNV’s Unified Volunteer Platform: app.
How to apply for un jobs online. on the United Nations Careers Portal.
How to apply for un jobs online Read More May 15, 2023 · Be successful with your UN jobs application. Apply Continue an application Already applied? Check Application Status United Nations Recruitment 2024: The UN Careers Application Portal www. jobs ; search-jobs works! {} Global Talent Pool ; Upwork connects businesses with independent professionals and agencies around the globe. lick “Search” Step 2: To apply for a job, go to careers. We will not attempt to reproduce this material in full, but instead will give candidates an introduction to the processes, and provide links to further information, tips Applying to one of our vacancies . Find out how to become an Online Volunteer and help tackle today’s sustainable development challenges – from any device, anywhere in the world. INFORMATION SYSTEMS ASSISTANT, Tripoli, Libya Apr 18, 2022 · In this short video, you'll learn the quickest, and easiest way to apply for a United Nations Volunteer role. Prepare Your Application: Before applying, watch the YPP Application Guide Videos (Part 1 and Part 2). Learn what it means to be an intern, a consultant, a national officer, and an international staff in the UN. Update your profile on professional networking platforms. We regularly publish selected volunteer opportunities. Browse UN Job Openings and apply If you are interested in applying for an employment or internship opportunity at the United Nations, please apply directly online at https://careers. org is open to all interested applicants across the nation. Remember: Your online application should be tailored to the specific position you are applying for. This is the fourth lesson of a course of 20 about how to get a job at the UN. Updating your application for one job does not change the version you submitted for other jobs. Join the UN and make a global impact. 3 in the Manual for the Applicant. internships and/or jobs at the United Nations. careers. THE UNITED NATIONS DOES NOT CHARGE A FEE AT ANY STAGE OF THE RECRUITMENT PROCESS (APPLICATION, INTERVIEW MEETING, PROCESSING, OR TRAINING). This will help you to better focus on the right jobs for you. For information on how to apply for a job using the online recruitment system, go to Application Process. Job opportunities falling under these programmes may be advertised individually or as part of a roster. Interns are not paid. As part of this transition period, vacancies may be posted in the new system or the UNDP jobs site. Apply: Once you are certain that you comply with the requirements, you are ready to move forward with your application. This will give you the opportunity to collect and prepare all the information that you need before starting the online application process. internships. International UN Volunteers: Assignments abroad - Min. Read More WARNING: Use of a Virtual Private Network (VPN), proxy, or internet anonymizer service will cause problems with your ability to apply or certify for benefits. 9 Is there a fee for submitting my application? UNDP does not charge any fee at any stage of the recruitment process whether at the application, interview, processing or training UNICEF works with volunteers primarily through the United Nations Volunteers (UNV) programme. Take time to learn how to apply to UN jobs, how to structure a UN CV (which is VERY different from normal CVs), and how to go along with UN interviews. How do I apply for a job with the UN? Applications for positions at any of the UN Headquarters and related offices must be made through the online Inspira application system. Read More How To Apply For United Nations Remote Work. Tip: The fastest way to apply is through UI Online. In addition United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres shared with the world in 2019 the appointment of Anita Bhatia from India to take the role of Deputy Executive Director of the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality Apply for benefits. Read More 4 days ago · UN Jobs : how to build a career in United nations. The inspira application is an extended online resume, specifically used by the United Nations We in the United Nations are committed to a diverse and inclusive workforce that is representative of all the peoples we serve. UN jobs are put into two main categories. For example, if you are facing an interruption of internet connectivity during the application process, you may prefer We in the United Nations are committed to a diverse and inclusive workforce that is representative of all the peoples we serve. Each job in the UN is given a number as well as it’s letter category. 6 days ago · Vacancies in Nepal « First < Prev: 1 - 25 of 37: UNDP - United Nations Development Programme Updated: 2025-02-20T15:17:01Z. 22 years old; Deployment up to 4 years Mar 29, 2016 · If you really want to work for the UN, apply and apply again; Consider avenues wherein you can interact or meet fellow UN professionals, attend UN based events especially in Delhi. org • Choose the job APPLY FOR A JOB AT THE UNITED NATIONS APPLY FOR JOBS AT THE UNITED NATIONS: STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE • You may choose options from Job Network, Job Family, Department/Office and Duty Station menus, if How To Apply. Creating your job application. You must first create your profile in the UNV Global Talent Pool via our Unified Volunteering Platform to apply. Vacancies in Libya « First UNSMIL - United Nations Support Mission in Libya Updated: 2025-03-05T10:16:47Z. Pro membership Post a new job Post-Adjusted Purchasing Power On social Network Agencies, Offices and Departments Locations, cities and countries Contracts in the United Nations Internship positions Entry positions Mid positions Senior positions Consultant positions Volunteering positions Applying for UN Jobs; Applying for non-governmental organization (NGO) accreditation; Applying for UN Jobs. There is no federal unemployment program. During this transition period, both the existing and the new system will run in parallel. Step-by-step guide to completing the online application for language internships. How to apply for UN jobs? Step 1: Research UN jobs in any of the website listed below. You are encouraged to apply to any jobs you are qualified for. When you apply for a job, you have to submit an application in the UN online recruitment system. Follow a step-by-step breakdown of the U. recruitment staff on what to include, common mistakes, and tips for getting your application noticed. Step 2: Review the details displayed in the Job Description . After you have searched for jobs and completed your self-assessment, you’re ready to apply! Once you begin, you can save the progress of your online application and return to it later. The process of applying for a United Nations job starts on this website. Since logos, emblems, forms, names and addresses are publicly available and can be easily copied or reproduced, applicants are strongly advised to take particular care in applying for vacancies, including 4 days ago · Find job openings and apply for positions at the United Nations. Learn more about a career in the United Nations. For information on how to apply for a job using the new online recruitment system, Inspira, go to Application Process. If you are a United Nations staff member with a permanent, continuing, fixed-term or temporary appointment, you do not need to register. It is best to apply for unemployment insurance online in the hours of 7:30AM - 7:30PM. It is a good idea to plan ahead and type out some of your answers in a separate document. Did you know UN volunteers are PAID?📢 If you f 3 days ago · Technical Advisor - Financing for Assistive Technology (Retainer/Multiple hires, Multiple positions), Home Based, Remote Background Information - Job-specific The United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) is an operational arm of the United Nations, supporting the successful implementation of its partners' peacebuilding, humanitarian, and United Nations Online Courses. Use job search engines and company Jan 21, 2025 · Start your career with the United Nations in 2025! Find step-by-step tips for applying to UN jobs, including climate action, humanitarian aid, and global health roles. Jul 11, 2024 · The UN website makes it clear that you can apply for as many vacancies as you like, but your credibility will be hurt if you apply for positions for which you are not qualified. com/watch?v=BlpKwiv-rUc&list=PLWYa77401bitU3AH0ozYu United Nations October 2012 (Release 3. They should be prepared to adjust to difficult living conditions in sometimes remote locations. The process checks the information you entered in your application against the eligibility criteria established for that job We in the United Nations are committed to a diverse and inclusive workforce that is representative of all the peoples we serve. Also watch UN Jobs Salary Scale https://www. Also watch 7 step UN Jobs application Process https://youtu. Share your resume and basic info to get personalized job recommendations and more. Read More information on United Nations Volunteers and on how to apply for these opportunities, visit www. 1 Can you work as an intern with […] create a new online application based on the content of an existing online application. All job openings, both in inspira and Galaxy, are searchable through the Careers Portal. com/watch?v=0I__CHPf21o&list We in the United Nations are committed to a diverse and inclusive workforce that is representative of all the peoples we serve. Apply Now Apply Now; Home ; BREADCRUMB. The United Nations. unv. Where companies and freelancers work together in new ways that unlock their potential. Mail your application to the address on the form and allow extra time for processing. The UN Careers website provides a great deal of information on the application processes for job openings at the UN – this UN Careers introduction is a great place to start. Mail. You can find current opportunities on our vacancies page. You must also write a motivation statement, which is a chance to explain why you want to work at the UN. How To Apply. Learn more. Application criteria and job features are specific to each programme, as detailed below. youtube. Good luck! process (application, interview meeting, processing, training or any other fees). With tools for job search, resumes, company reviews and more, we're with you every step of the way. Getting a job in the UN is a dream for many people, as a UN job is an amazing chance to grow both professionally and personally while getting priceless experience. 5 UN Volunteer Modalities. Jobs within the YPP are designed to bring new staff into the UN. This makes them ideal for recent graduates looking to start their career with the United Nations. General Service and Related Categories (G Levels): Administrative and support roles. For further instructions click the below link Azure The United Nations Young Professionals Programme (YPP) aims to recruit talented and motivated individuals to begin their career within the UN. are individuals who volunteer for at least six months and who are deployed mainly to support field 2 days ago · You may be able to file online or by phone. Here we’ve put together a list of our top recommended online courses for people who want to get a job with the United Nations. We spoke to former and current UN staff and summarized below the 5 best tips and advice on how to apply for a job with the United information on United Nations Volunteers and on how to apply for these opportunities, visit www. APPLY ONLINE NOW The United Nations does not charge a fee at any stage of the recruitment, or other training activities. These GJO’s are posted periodically on the UN Careers Portal, INSPIRA, at the website careers. This is the main content of our website. on the United Nations Careers Portal. The United Nations Careers Portal is the right place to start looking for opportunities in the United Nations. Learn about the Young Professionals Programme and how to ace UN job interviews. Read More This means you must be a national of that country to apply. Offline Applications through P. G-1 jobs require no previous professional experience. Search millions of jobs from thousands of job boards, newspapers, classifieds and company websites on indeed. When you apply for a job, you will be automatically directed to the appropriate system. Read More All applicants to our job openings must have an inspira account to apply. InstructionsInstructions Step 1: To begin the application process, click on the Job Title. Download offline applications: The offline application template is intended to assist applicants in the event they are unable to complete their application online. ) you fit in and define whether to volunteer in your country or abroad. Changes made to your profile when applying for a job are job-specific. The Graduate Programme was launched in 2021, with the objectives to further UNDP’s Dec 20, 2024 · Job openings specific to each exam area can be found using the UN Careers Portal. Find out more about the application process on the UN Careers Website and by reading this manual for applicants. org . Welcome to the UN Careers website. Please also visit Careers UN, the UN recruitment portal for a wide range of job opportunities. Application Evaluation We in the United Nations are committed to a diverse and inclusive workforce that is representative of all the peoples we serve. 1. If you do not, continue searching or check back later for a more suitable opening. Please submit your application in the same language of the vacancy announcement or in the FAO language indicated in the vacancy announcement as most relevant for the assignment. How to get started with inspira - UN Careers. Use the Reconnect system to apply for these benefits online. When filtering vacancies, verify the volunteer category (Expert, Youth, etc. The lower the number, the less experience you need to apply. This course offers a guide to understanding the United Nations Careers Portal to allow you to locate the job you want, apply for it and prepare for the interviews and assessments that follow. Our online recruitment system provides numerous accessibility features. When you apply for a job, you have to submit an application in the UN online recruitment system called inspira. The application process itself is straightforward. Read More Pro membership Post a new job Post-Adjusted Purchasing Power On social Network Agencies, Offices and Departments Locations, cities and countries Contracts in the United Nations Internship positions Entry positions Mid positions Senior positions Consultant positions Volunteering positions A day at the office can mean many things to a UNICEF staff member. You can contact your local America’s Job Center of California for help with faxing your paper application. Jan 12, 2013 · • Scroll all the way down to “Search Job Openings” • hoose between the categories and duty stations. Applicants may also access job openings through Inspira, the United Nations’ talent management platform. Serving with a UN entity, you can share your knowledge of local languages and culture and bring an insider’s understanding of social and economic conditions. You can select a different application by clicking on the lookup icon . This is the easiest way to get a job with the UN and NGOs. THE UNITED NATIONS DOES NOT CONCERN ITSELF WITH INFORMATION ON APPLICANTS’ BANK ACCOUNTS. be/yCi The United Nations Jobs Guide is a course offered by Udemy that is directed at those who want a job at the United Nations. Read More UNDP is committed to a diverse workforce and strongly encourages persons with a disabilities to apply for vacancies. For UN staff, personnel, consultants and interns, and those looking to start and develop a career in the United Nations System. Apply online and make a Your Texas Benefits account so you can start, save and go back to your online application at any time. Creating a profile and preparing an application . In order to get a remote working job with the UN, you will need to apply through the United Nations recruitment process. information on United Nations Volunteers and on how to apply for these opportunities, visit www. Nov 28, 2022 · Watch and learn how Creating Your UN Job Application Also watch how to get UN Jobs https://www. All job openings in the UN Secretariat are published on the United Nations Careers Portal. It could mean talking with a 14-year-old girl about her favourite subjects at school after she stopped her own child marriage or supporting medical students to learn more about Special Newborn Care Units. The United Nations Secretariat is transitioning to a new online recruitment system. You can apply to the UN YPP without any previous work experience, and it can be a great way to get your first position in the United Nations. UNDP does not charge a fee at any stage of its recruitment process (application, interview, processing, training, visa or other fee). Additionally, the general UN ‘Applicant Guide’ is accessible on Inspira under the “Manuals” section. All UN Volunteers must display a commitment to the values and principles of volunteerism and the mandated activities of the United Nations and the UN Charter, and an ability to work in a multicultural environment and with local partners and communities. All people who apply for benefits are called claimants and must have a Reemployment Assistance account. Read More We in the United Nations are committed to a diverse and inclusive workforce that is representative of all the peoples we serve. The system will save your profile, making it easier to apply for other positions with UNHCR in the future. Once you have explored the Job Openings and selected a role that interests you, and for which you have the required experience and qualifications, you can begin the process by selecting “Apply Now” on the Job Description page. Follow these steps to simplify your online job search and application process: Update your resume. Discover job opportunities and career paths at the United Nations. If you do not have an account, please fill out the information below to register. Internships are listed alongside employment announcements on the United Nations Careers portal. May 18, 2022 · How to apply for a job at the United Nations using careers. Join our Global Talent Pool. com/watch?v=yCivHb2rHDA&list=PL 5 days ago · Vacancies in Fiji « First < Prev: 1 - 25 of 44 UN Women - United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women Updated: 2025-03-28T06:09:19Z of an application to apply for a job with the United Nations 3. Staff Members Mar 21, 2024 · This article aims to share information on the UN application process, including where to find UN job openings, how to create a profile on the UN's career portal, and what documents are required for submission. 11 will no longer be accepted. Also watch UN Jobs Salary Scale https://www. Discover our supportive working environment that promotes well-being, work–life balance and professional growth. org Click on the Login link in the menu. Interested applicants are encouraged to apply through Inspira portal by creating your job applications (Admin/Candidate profiles) and online Find out how to get UN jobs - 7 Step Application Process United Nations Jobs. This option is disabled if you do not have any online application saved yet. After you have searched our Job Page and completed your self-assessment, you are ready for the next step. Read More Internal access All active UN Secretariat staff members with a un. Fax your application to the number listed on the form. Once you identify a vacancy of interest please click on the button “Apply Now” and then proceed with instructions for the application process. Visit UN Careers Mar 19, 2025 · UN Jobs : how to build a career in United nations. Keep your Inspira profile updated. You create a profile and fill out an online application, highlighting your experience and relevant skills. To apply for a role, click on the title of the post and then click Apply at the top of the job posting. Oct 31, 2024 · The information provided on the UN and its associated procedures is gleaned from experience our team have from working for the United Nations for almost a decade having been through the UN application process, UN recruitment process, UN hiring manager process and the fortunate position of having helped many friends develop their UN careers. Mar 20, 2025 · UN Jobs : how to build a career in United nations. Turn these services off before applying or submitting a weekly certification. Jun 20, 2024 · The information provided on the UN and its associated procedures is gleaned from experience our team have from working for the United Nations for almost a decade having been through the UN application process, UN recruitment process, UN hiring manager process and the fortunate position of having helped many friends develop their UN careers. Read More apply to UNWOMEN job postings through the Careers homepage. Jan 29, 2025 · Job Opportunities specific to UNAMA will be posted on this page as they become available. Also watch UN Jobs 7 Steps application process https://www. Register in UNV’s Unified Volunteer Platform: app. 3. However, understanding this is key to securing a UN job. Interns work full-time for two to six months. United Nations Volunteers. Complete cou There are many opportunities to work as a civilian in UN Peace Operations. online job application process with insights from U. UN Women is developing a new e-recruit system, which is now in its pilot phase. . Learn about our application process, which includes growth opportunities for applicants with various levels of skills and experience. If you have an undergraduate degree, several years of work experience and are interested in volunteer opportunities around the world, you may be eligible to become a UNV. The UN classifies its job positions into different categories: Professional and Higher Categories (P & D Levels): Requires advanced degrees and experience. Read More Sep 22, 2024 · The United Nations has announced several job vacancies in Nairobi, inviting applicants for various positions across multiple departments and offices in Kenya; The UN emphasised that it does not charge any fees at any stage of the recruitment process, warning applicants to be cautious of potential scams From time to time, the UN Foundation can sponsor individuals for non-immigrant visas. Since logos, emblems, forms, names and addresses are publicly available and can be easily copied or reproduced, applicants are strongly advised to take particular care in applying for vacancies, including Apr 16, 2012 · Job seekers looking for a career with the United Nations can now benefit from an online The system was launched last month and candidates can now use it to apply for current UNOPS vacancies 4 days ago · Job Network: Public Information and Conference Management Job Family: Public Information Category and Level : Professional and Higher Categories, P-3 Duty Station : GENEVA All job openings in UNIFIL are published on theUnited Nations Careers Portal https://careers. Feb 20, 2024 · DECIDE TO APPLY. org. org email address, separated staff members, external partners collaborating with the UN Secretariat, external agencies, POI accounts, and One HR accounts will use the Internal access section to login using Azure credentials. Applicants are invited to view UNDP’s current job postings and related job descriptions. This is highly dependent on the requirements of the job and the needs of the organization at the time. By default, the “Source Application Information” table will display the last application created. org, as Before starting the application, please examine the sample copy of the application document. Read More How To Apply. Step 2: Determine which UN mission you want to work for Having been proud members among the 35% of women in the UN organisation we completed our careers at, the short answer is yes but there is more work for the UN to do. com Once you apply to a job opening, your application will go th rough a pre-screening proc ess. Apr 18, 2023 · United Nations online application. United Nations. N. 5 Apply for the chosen vacancy by following the online instructions. The UN Volunteer (UNV) programme recruits thousands of specialists, youth, and online volunteers to serve with our field missions and at HQ each year. 25 years old; Deployment up to 4 years National UN Volunteers: Nationals of the country of assignment - Min. Read More Feb 20, 2025 · How to apply for a job online You need a computer, internet access, an email address, a resume and a cover letter to apply for jobs online. Please note that USAJOBS is the Federal Government's official one-stop source for Federal jobs and employment information. Reemployment Assistance benefits, also known as unemployment compensation, provides temporary assistance to qualified people who are out of work through no fault of their own. Stay in touch by subscribing to the UN Global Talent Pool to receive email notifications for job vacancies, career events, and more! 3 days ago · Advocacy & Communications Advisor (Retainer), Home based, Remote UNOPS - United Nations Office for Project Services Updated: 2025-03-27T04:00:46Z Feb 9, 2025 · Step-by-Step Guide to Getting a UN Job Step 1: Understand the UN Job Categories. These include adjustments to monitor settings, keyboard navigation and the ability to function with a range of standard assistive technologies. If you want to work for the United Nations one of the best ways to get an understanding of the organisation, and gain the skills needed to apply, is to do an online course. When you apply for a position, you have to submit an application using the UN online recruitment system https://inspira. Read More There are two ways to apply for the United Nations Single Electoral Roster: Roster Campaigns for Staff Positions: Prospective candidates apply to the Generic Job Openings (GJO) for the specific grade(s) level for which they are eligible. Browse our vacancies on the UN careers website for full-time, temporary, consultant, and internship opportunities. Working for the UN, one should expect working in a team of international experts, competitive salaries, and great career opportunities. Share your tips, ask your questions, and help each other. The position I wanted to apply for is no longer listed. 0) 2012 The Applicant’s Manual Manual for the Applicant on the Staff Selection System (inspira) careersUnited Nations Time to trace your UN path. Oct 25, 2024 · The information provided on the UN and its associated procedures is gleaned from experience our team have from working for the United Nations for almost a decade having been through the UN application process, UN recruitment process, UN hiring manager process and the fortunate position of having helped many friends develop their UN careers. • Carefully review the requirements for each internship opportunity and customize your profile to highlight your suitability for the role. Find out how to get UN jobs - writing a motivation letter for United nations jobs . Completing your Application. The #1 job site in Canada. A job application is made up of a profile section (My Profile We in the United Nations are committed to a diverse and inclusive workforce that is representative of all the peoples we serve. com/watch?v=0I__CHPf2 UN personnel take charge in formulating their career aspirations, set realistic career goals, and put together achievable career plans. un. Create an account Jul 9, 2024 · About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright Aug 5, 2022 · Through the Online Volunteering service of the United Nations Volunteers (UNV) programme, you can connect with UN entities, governments, public institutions and civil society organizations. Step 3: To begin the application process for a particular job posting, click the Apply Now button. Contents hide 1 Is United Nations Currently Recruiting? 2 UN Internship Careers 2024 2. With Indeed, you can search millions of jobs online to find the next step in your career. Today, as part of the inspira roll out in the field many of the field missions have now been trained and are posting their job openings in Inspira. 8 Can I apply for more than one job posting at the same time ? You may apply to multiple UNDP job postings given that you meet the minimum requirements for each. Finding job openings 10. For all applications, please ensure that all required fields are completed and a UN Women Personal History Form (P11) is attached for vacancies posted on the UNDP system. Applicants are able to: • Register and create a personal account for future access • View current job postings at UNWOMEN • Apply to job postings where minimum qualifications criteria are met • Complete, maintain and update a Personal Profile specific for each application Please note: If you are a former UNHCR staff member (locally recruited or international) who held a fixed-term or indefinite appointment (within 2 years for males and 5 years for females) and wish to apply to regular positions in your previous staff category, please reach out to our help desk at [email protected] for guidance on available vacancies and the application process. The way the UN hires, and categorises positions, is notoriously complex. For International positions: The United Nations posts job openings electronically on the United Nations Careers Portal Once you apply to a job opening, your Job Search by Indeed. org, complete your professional profile and apply to vacancies NOW. National UN Volunteers are invaluable assets to the work of the United Nations, particularly at the community level where they usher in greater ownership of programmes and projects. HIV Programme Analyst, Kathmandu, Nepal their educational experience and gain experience in the work of the United Nations may apply for . 4. org How Can I Apply Online for the 2024 UN Volunteer Program? The procedures listed below must be followed in order to apply for the United Nations (UN) Online Volunteer program: Check out the website for UN Online Volunteering: You must go to the official UN Online Volunteering website in order to start the application procedure. Read More Discover more about the United Nations and join us! All job openings in the UN Secretariat are published on the United Nations Careers Portal: careers. Your application should include the completed online application form, a CV/resume and a cover letter. For full details for a successful application, kindly read through this article to the end. Please be mindful of the deadline for submitting your application and of any time zone differences. Lebanon. Updated in 2024Intro: As an aspiring professional in the impact sector, you may be considering a career with influential organizations such as the United Nations (UN), European Union (EU), Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), or the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The United Nations does not charge a fee at any stage of the recruitment, or other training activities. Some assignments are not published because they are filled by candidates whose profiles are matched directly from our Global Talent Pool. They collaborate with management on career plans, seeking feedback or guidance in order to evaluate implementation and execute improvements. Use keywords. Check job requirements: Make sure you fulfill the minimum requirements for the given job posting before moving forward with your application. Once registered, you can then select specific open positions (job requisitions) or Talent Pool profiles (evergreen requisitions). To make sure you are notified when we launch our next call for applications, make sure to follow UNDP Careers on social media: LinkedIn Facebook Instagram Your United Nations Career: Tips for Your First UN Job Application . We in the United Nations are committed to a diverse and inclusive workforce that is representative of all the peoples we serve. Log into Inspira through the United Nations Careers Portal: http:>//careers. The UNDP Graduate Programme offers a unique opportunity for talented young graduates to gain hands-on experience in international development work with a UNDP country, regional or headquarters office. To qualify for benefits, many states require that you: Earned at least a certain amount within the last 12-24 months; Worked consistently for the last 12-24 months; Look for a new job; How to apply for unemployment benefits. create a login account in order to apply to a job opening, refer to Chapter 1, paragraph 1. csdvtscszothcjjctroadmmllpktyeqpsuklverbzwvxiwwipiixnfywknttbtbfbmqnggkhbtkwhhmtj
